Nanjing has a long history and rich cultural heritages and is one of the first batch of  historic and cultural cities designated by the central government.  The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has been included in UNESCO’s world cultural heritage sites. Nanjing has 27 State-level cultural relics protection units and 387 city-level cultural relics protection units. The 35.267-km Ming circumvallation built 600 years ago is the longest existing ancient circumvallation in the world. Nanjing has 12 State-level intangible cultural relics protection projects, 16 provincial-level intangible cultural relics protection projects and 87 city-level intangible cultural relics protection projects. Nanjing municipal government has also salvaged, protected and expanded historic and cultural sites such as Gan Xi’s Former Residence, Baochuan Shipyard, Jinghai Temple and Tianfei Palace and completed the construction of Jiangning Spinning Government Office and the city wall from Zhonghua Gate to South Zhongshan Road. After renovation and expansion, the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders now enjoys the fame of “a national landmark war memorial hall reaching the world level, the best in China of its kind”. The findings, especially the inscriptions, from Ashoka Pagoda excavated in the site of the Larger Bao’en Temple Tower have significant impact on the study of religion, cultural relics and culture in China.